Epidemiology

• Grayanotoxins are named after Leucothoe grayana, a plant species from Japan, which was named after 19th century American botanist Asa Gray

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Etiology

• xxx

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Physiology

• Grayantoxin-Contaminated Honey Made From Rhododendron Ponticum and Other Plant Species from the Ericaceae and Sapindaceae Families

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Diagnosis

• xxx

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Clinical Manifestations

Cardiovascular Manifestations

Arrhythmias

• May Occur in Severe Cases

Atrioventricular Heart Blocks

• First Degree Atrioventricular Block (First Degree Heart Block) (see First Degree Atrioventricular Block, [[First Degree Atrioventricular Block]])
• Second Degree Atrioventricular Block-Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach) (see Second Degree Atrioventricular Block-Mobitz Type I, [[Second Degree Atrioventricular Block-Mobitz Type I]])
• Second Degree Atrioventricular Block-Mobitz Type II (see Second Degree Atrioventricular Block-Mobitz Type II, [[Second Degree Atrioventricular Block-Mobitz Type II]])
• Third Degree Atrioventricular Block (Third Degree Heart Block, Complete Heart Block) (see Third Degree Atrioventricular Block, [[Third Degree Atrioventricular Block]])

Sinus Bradycardia (see Sinus Bradycardia, [[Sinus Bradycardia]])

• May Occur in Severe Cases

Other Manifestations

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Treatment

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References

• Atrioventricular Block Induced by Mad-Honey Intoxication. Tex Heart Inst J. 2009; 36(4): 342–344 [MEDLINE]
• Mad Honey Intoxication: A Systematic Review on the 1199 cases. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015 Nov 4. pii: S0278-6915(15)30087-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.018 [MEDLINE]