Clinical Manifestations

Allergic Reactions

• Anaphylaxis (see Anaphylaxis, [[Anaphylaxis]])
  • Epidemiology
    • Blackfly (see Blackfly Bite, [[Blackfly Bite]])
      • May Also Induce a Late Systemic Syndrome with Fever, Leukocytosis, Lymphadenitis, and Papular Skin Lesions
    • Deerfly (Chrysops) (see Deerfly Bite, [[Deerfly Bite]])
      • Painful Bite
    • Horsefly (see Horsefly Bite, [[Horsefly Bite]])
      • Painful Bite
    • Louse Fly
    • Sandfly (see Sandfly Bite, [[Sandfly Bite]])
    • Tsetse Fly Bite (Glossina) (see Tsetse Fly Bite, [[Tsetse Fly Bite]])

Infectious Transmission

• Enteric Infections
  • Epidemiology: houseflies have been associated with the transmission of enteric infections in areas of the world with poor hygiene and limited access to clean water
  • Organisms
  • Escherichia Coli (see Escherichia Coli, [[Escherichia Coli]])
• Leishmaniasis (see Leishmaniasis, [[Leishmaniasis]])
  • Vector: sandfly (see Sandfly Bite, [[Sandfly Bite]])
  • Organism: xxxx
• Myiasis (see Myiasis, [[Myiasis]])
  • Epidemiology: usually seen in travelers returning from tropical areas, but may also occur in warm humid areas in the US
  • Physiology: fly larvae embedded in the skin
  • Clinical:
    • Skin Nodules
• Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) (see Onchocerciasis, [[Onchocerciasis]])
  • Vector: Simulium blackfly
  • Organism: xxxxxx
• South American Bartonellosis (Carrion’s Disease) (see South American Bartonellosis, [[South American Bartonellosis]])
  • Vector: phlebotomine sandfly (see Sandfly Bite, [[Sandfly Bite]])
  • Organism: Bartonella Bacilliformis
  • Clinical
    • Oroya Fever (Acute Phase)
    • Verruga Peruana (Eruptive Phase)

References

• Anaphylaxis induced by horsefly bites: identification of a 69 kd IgE-binding salivary gland protein from Chrysops spp. (Diptera, Tabanidae) by western blot analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;101(1 Pt 1):134. [MEDLINE]