Epidemiology

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Coral Snake Characteristics

Appearance

• Red Bands Next to Yellow Bands (“Red Next to Yellow Kills a Fellow”): in US and northern Mexico
  • However, the color banding patterns may be reversed in species in southern Mexico (south of Mexico City), Central America, and South America

Mechanism of Coral Snake Venom Toxicity

• Venom Inhibits Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors at the Neuromuscular Junction

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Physiology

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Clinical Manifestations

Symptoms at Bite Site

• Mild Pain/Edema: significant local tissue damage and coagulopathy are not typically observed
  • However, bite from the South American Micrurus Lemniscatus Halleri coral snake species may produce severe local pan, myolysis, and coagulopathy
• Parasthesias (see Parasthesias, [[Parasthesias]])

Gastrointestinal Manifestations

• Abdominal Pain (see Abdominal Pain, [[Abdominal Pain]]): may be seen early in the course
• Nausea/Vomiting (see Nausea and Vomiting, [[Nausea and Vomiting]]): may be seen early in the course

Neurologic Manifestations

• General Comments
  • Onset of Neurotoxicity: may be delayed for up to 12 hrs after the bite
• Descending Flaccid Paralysis with Bulbar Manifestations (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])
  • Diplopia (Double Vision) (see Diplopia, [[Diplopia]])
  • Dysarthria (see Dysarthria, [[Dysarthria]])
  • Dysphagia (see Dysphagia, [[Dysphagia]])
  • Ophthalmoplegia (see Ophthalmoplegia, [[Ophthalmoplegia]])
  • Ptosis (see Ptosis, [[Ptosis]])
• Drowsiness (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])
• Dizziness (see Dizziness, [[Dizziness]]): may be seen early in the course
• Euphoria
• Generalized Muscle Weakness (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])
• Seizures (see Seizures, [[Seizures]]): rare

Pulmonary Manifestations

• Respiratory Failure (see Respiratory Failure, [[Respiratory Failure]])

Other Manifestations

• Hypersalivation
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Treatment

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References

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