Epidemiology

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Etiology

Cigua Toxin Poisoning (see Cigua Toxin Poisoning, [[Cigua Toxin Poisoning]])

• Associated Toxin: scaritoxin (which is a ciguatera-associated toxin) -> increases permeability of sodium channels, resulting in norepinephrine and acetylcholine release

Scorpion Envenomation (see Scorpion Sting, [[Scorpion Sting]])

• Associated Scorpion Species
  • Centuroides Exilicauda (Sculpuratus)
  • Centuroides Suffusus

Toxic Mushrooms (see Toxic Mushrooms, [[Toxic Mushrooms]])

• Associated Mushrooms
  • Boletus Calopus
  • Clitocybe Dealbata
  • Clitocybe Illudens
  • Inocybe Fastigiata
• Toxin(s)
  • Muscarine: acts at muscarinic receptors in autonomic nervous system

Other

• Carbamate Intoxication (see Carbamates, [[Carbamates]])

• Organophosphate Intoxication (see Organophosphates, [[Organophosphates]])

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Diagnosis

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Clinical (SLUDGE+NC)

• Salivation (see Hypersalivation, [[Hypersalivation]])
• Lacrimation (see Lacrimation, [[Lacrimation]])
• Urination
• Diarrhea (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])
• Gastrointestinal Cramps (see Abdominal Pain, [[Abdominal Pain]])
• Emesis (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])
• Neurologic
  • Fasciculations (see Fasciculations, [[Fasciculations]])
  • Muscle Weakness
• Cardiac
  • Early
    • Hypertension
    • Sinus Tachycardia
  • Later
    • Sinus Bradycardia (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])
    • Heart Blocks (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])
    • Hypotension (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])

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Treatment

• Cardiac: atropine (blocks muscarinic effects)
• Pralidoxime (2-PAM): indicated for organophosphate intoxication

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References

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