Etiology
First Generation Antihistamines (see H1-Histamine Receptor Antagonists, [[H1-Histamine Receptor Antagonists]])
- Brompheniramine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Carbinoxamine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Chlorpheniramine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Clemastine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Cyproheptadine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Dimenhydrinate: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (see Diphenhydramine, [[Diphenhydramine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Doxylamine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril) (see Hydroxyzine, [[Hydroxyzine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Meclizine (Bonine, Bonamine, Antivert, Postafen, Sea Legs, Dramamine) (see Meclizine, [[Meclizine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Triprolidine: high anti-cholinergic activity
Second-Generation Antihistamines (see H1-Histamine Receptor Antagonists, [[H1-Histamine Receptor Antagonists]])
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec) (see Cetirizine, [[Cetirizine]]): variable anti-cholinergic activity
- Loratidine (Claritin) (see Loratidine, [[Loratidine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Third-Generation Antihistamines (see H1-Histamine Receptor Antagonists, [[H1-Histamine Receptor Antagonists]])
- Desloratadine (Clarinex) (see Desloratadine, [[Desloratadine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Fexofenadine (Allegra, Axodin) (see Fexofenadine, [[Fexofenadine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Levocetirizine (Xyzal) (see Levocetirizine, [[Levocetirizine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Anti-Parkinson’s Medications
- Amantadine (Symmetrel, Symadine) (see Amantadine, [[Amantadine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Benztropine (Cogentin) (see Benztropine, [[Benztropine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Bromocriptine (Parlodel, Cycloset, Brotin) (see Bromocriptine, [[Bromocriptine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Entacapone (Comtan, Stalevo): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) (see Trihexyphenidyl, [[Trihexyphenidyl]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
Opiates (see Opiates, [[Opiates]])
- Codeine (see Codeine, [[Codeine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Fentanyl (see Fentanyl, [[Fentanyl]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Hydrocodone (see Hydrocodone, [[Hydrocodone]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Meperidine (see Meperidine, [[Meperidine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Methadone (see Methadone, [[Methadone]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Morphine (see Morphine, [[Morphine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Oxycodone (see Oxycodone, [[Oxycodone]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Tramadol (see Tramadol, [[Tramadol]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Antimuscarinic Agents
Antimuscarinic Medications for Overactive Bladder
- Darifenacin: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Fesoterodine (Toviaz) (see Fesoterodine, [[Fesoterodine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Oxybutynin (Ditropan) (see Oxybutynin, [[Oxybutynin]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Solifenacin (Vesicare) (see Solifenacin, [[Solifenacin]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Tolterodine (Detrol, Detrusitol) (see Tolterodine, [[Tolterodine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Trospium: high anti-cholinergic activity
Antimuscarinic Spasmolytic Medications
- Atropine (see Atropine, [[Atropine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Clidinium-Chlordiazepoxide: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Hyoscyamine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) (see Glycopyrrolate, [[Glycopyrrolate]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Homatropine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Methscopolamine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Scopolamine (Hyoscine) (see Scopolamine, [[Scopolamine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Propantheline: high anti-cholinergic activity
Antimuscarinic Inhaled Bronchodilators
- Ipratropium Bromide (see Ipratropium Bromide, [[Ipratropium Bromide]]): high local anti-cholinergic activity
- Tiotropium (Spiriva) (see Tiotropium, [[Tiotropium]]): high local anti-cholinergic activity
Antimuscarinic Ophthlamic Medications (Mydriatic/Cycloplegic)
- Atropine (see Atropine, [[Atropine]]): high local anti-cholinergic activity
- Cyclopentolate: high local anti-cholinergic activity
- Homatropine (see Homatropine, [[Homatropine]]): high local anti-cholinergic activity
- Scopolamine (see Scopolamine, [[Scopolamine]]): high local anti-cholinergic activity
Cardiovascular Medications
- Disopyramide (Norpace) (see Disopyramide, [[Disopyramide]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Gastrointestinal Medications
Anti-Emetics
- Hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril) (see Hydroxyzine, [[Hydroxyzine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Meclizine (Bonine, Bonamine, Antivert, Postafen, Sea Legs, Dramamine) (see Meclizine, [[Meclizine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Promethazine (Phenergan) (see Promethazine, [[Promethazine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Scopolamine (see Scopolamine, [[Scopolamine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Prochlorperazine (Compazine) (see Prochlorperazine, [[Prochlorperazine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Other
- Domperidone (see Domperidone, [[Domperidone]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Loperamide (see Loperamide, [[Loperamide]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- H2-Blockers (see H2-Histamine Receptor Antagonists, [[H2-Histamine Receptor Antagonists]])
- Cimetidine (Tagamet) (see Cimetidine, [[Cimetidine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Famotidine (Pepcid) (see Famotidine, [[Famotidine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Ranitidine (Zantac) (see Ranitidine, [[Ranitidine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Muscle Relaxants
- Orphenazine: high anti-cholinergic activity
- Tizanidine (see Tizanidine, [[Tizanidine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Cyclobenzaprine: variable anti-cholinergic activity
- Baclofen (see Baclofen, [[Baclofen]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Methocarbamol (Robaxin) (see Methocarbamol, [[Methocarbamol]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Psychotropic/Neurologic Medications
Benzodiazepines (see Benzodiazepines, [[Benzodiazepines]])
- Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) (see Chlordiazepoxide, [[Chlordiazepoxide]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Clonazepam (Klonopin, Rivotril, Clonotril) (see Clonazepam, [[Clonazepam]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Temazepam (Restoril, Normison) (see Temazepam, [[Temazepam]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Triazolam (Halcion) (see Triazolam, [[Triazolam]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
First-Generation Anti-Psychotics
- Chlorpromazine (see Chlorpromazine, [[Chlorpromazine]]): high anticholinergic effect
- Fluphenazine (see Fluphenazine, [[Fluphenazine]]): high anticholinergic effect
- Haloperidol (Haldol) (see Haloperidol, [[Haloperidol]]): low anticholinergic effect
- Loxapine (see Loxapine, [[Loxapine]]): high anticholinergic effect
- Methotrimeprazine (Levomepromazine): high anticholinergic effect
- Perphenazine: variable anticholinergic effect
- Thioridazine (see Thioridazine, [[Thioridazine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Trifluoperazine: high anti-cholinergic activity
Second-Generation Anti-Psychotics
- Clozapine (Clozaril) (see Clozapine, [[Clozapine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa) (see Olanzapine, [[Olanzapine]]): variable anti-cholinergic activity
- Quetiapine (Seroquel) (see Quetiapine, [[Quetiapine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Iloperidone: low anti-cholinergic activity
- Risperidone (Risperdal) (see Risperidone, [[Risperidone]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Selective Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)
- Citalopram (Celexa) (see Citalopram, [[Citalopram]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Fluoxetine (Prozac) (see Fluoxetine, [[Fluoxetine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Fluvoxamine (Luvox) (see Fluvoxamine, [[Fluvoxamine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Paroxetine (Paxil) (see Paroxetine, [[Paroxetine]]): variable anti-cholinergic activity
Tricyclic Antidepressants
- Amitriptyline (see Amitriptyline, [[Amitriptyline]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Clomipramine (see Clomipramine, [[Clomipramine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Desipramine (see Desipramine, [[Desipramine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Doxepin (see Doxepin, [[Doxepin]]): high anticholinergic effect
- Imipramine (see Imipramine, [[Imipramine]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
- Nortriptyline (see Nortriptyline, [[Nortriptyline]]): high anti-cholinergic activity
Other
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol) (see Carbamazepine, [[Carbamazepine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Lithium (see Lithium, [[Lithium]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Nefazodone (see Nefazodone, [[Nefazodone]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Oxcarbazepine (see Oxcarbazepine, [[Oxcarbazepine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Phenelzine (see Phenelzine, [[Phenelzine]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
- Trazodone (see Trazodone, [[Trazodone]]): low anti-cholinergic activity
Plants/Herbs
- Angel’s Trumpet (Brugmansia Species)
- Henbane (Hyoscyamus Niger)
- Jimson Weed (Datura Stramonium)
- Mandrake (Mandragora Officinarum)
- Moonflower (Datura Inoxia)
- Muscarinic Toxic Mushroom Species (see Toxic Mushrooms, [[Toxic Mushrooms]])
- Clitocybe: particularly implicated
- Inocybe: particularly implicated
- Amanita
- Entoloma
- Mycena
- Nightshade Species (see Nightshade, [[Nightshade]])
- American Nightshade (Solanum Americanum)
- Bittersweet Woody Nightshade (Solanum Dulcamara)
- Black (Common) Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum)
- Deadly Nightshade (Atropa Belladonna)
Diagnosis
- Xxx
Clinical
- Derm:
- Dry skin
- Neuro:
- xxx
- Cardiac:
- Tachycardia
Treatment
- Physostigmine:
- xxx
References
- xxx