Definition: defined as cystic airspace within the lung which characteristically increases in size over days-weeks (probably due to ball-valve air trapping mechanism), but eventually resolves
Typically associated with infection (usually Staph Aureus)
Pneumocystis Jirovecii (see Pneumocystis Jirovecii, [[Pneumocystis Jirovecii]]): cystic lesions are usually seen in HIV-associated cases, are more common in upper lobes, and range in size from 1-5 cm
Tension Pneumatocele (Compression of Adjacent Structures): including compression of lung or mediastinal structures -> may be acute and life-threatening
Secondary Infection of Pneumatocele: may occur
Pneumothorax: may occur when pneumatocele ruptures into the pleural space
References
Observation: usually indicated, as pneumatoceles typically resolve sponatenously over weeks-months
However, cases with persistence up to 3 years have been reported
Pneumatocele Decompression: may be required in some cases
Tube Decompression: while may be acutely beneficial (with rapid decompression), may pose a risk for persistent bronchopleural fistula
Surgical Excision
Treatment of Associated Pneumothorax: if present
References
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Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 744-752
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