Pleural WBC Count >10k
- Parapneumonic Effusion/Empyema (see [[Pleural Effusion-Parapneumonic]]): most common etiology of WBC >10k
- Acute Pancreatitis (see [[Acute Pancreatitis]])
- Acute PE (see [[Acute PE]])
- Collagen Vascular Disease
- Malignancy
- Tuberculosis (see [[Tuberculosis]])
Neutrophil-Predominant Pleural Effusion
- Parapneumonic Effusion/Empyema (see [[Pleural Effusion-Parapneumonic]])
- Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion (see [[Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion]])
- Paragonimiasis (see [[Paragonimiasis]])
Lymphocyte-Predominant Pleural Effusion
- Tuberculosis (see [[Tuberculosis]])
- Coccidioidomycosis (see [[Coccidioidomycosis]])
Pleural Fluid Eosinophilia
(defined as pleural eosinophils 10% or greater)
(number of eosinophils in pleural space is closely correlated with pleural IL-5 levels)
- Blood: common etiology
- Hemothorax (see [[Pleural Effusion-Hemothorax]]): pleural fluid eosinophilia typically appears later, during second week
- Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion (see [[Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion]]): pleural eosinophilia is seen in 50% of cases
- Acute PE (see [[Acute PE]]): typically when pleural fluid is bloody
- Air: common etiology
- Pneumothorax (see [[Pneumothorax]]): pleural eosinophils appear within 3 days and peak at day 6
- Parasitic Infection:
- Paragonimiasis (see [[Paragonimiasis]]): with accompanying PMN-predominance
- Echinococcosis (see [[Echinococcosis]])
- Drug-Induced Pleural Effusion:
- Dantrolene (see [[Dantrolene]])
- Isotretinoin (Accutane) (see [[Isotretinoin]])
- Mesalamine (see [[Mesalamine]])
- Nitrofurantoin (see [[Nitrofurantoin]])
- Penicillins (see [[Penicillins]])
- Propylthiouracil (PTU) (see [[Propylthiouracil]])
- Sulfasalazine (see [[Sulfasalazine]])
- Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia:
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (see [[Hypereosinophilic Syndrome]])
- Churg-Strauss Syndrome (see [[Churg-Strauss Syndrome]])
- Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (see [[Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia]])
- Other
- Tuberculous Pleuritis (see [[Tuberculosis]]): with accompanying lymphocyte-predominance
- Idiopathic Pleural Eosinophilia
- Malignancy: occasionally associated with pleural eosinophilia
- Parapneumonic Effusion (see [[Pleural Effusion-Parapneumonic]]): occasionally associated with pleural eosinophilia
- Transudative Pleural Effusion (see [[Pleural Effusion-Transudate]]): some cases have been reported to be associated with pleural eosinophilia