Epidemiology

• xxx

Clinical

• Pulmonary Fibrosis (lower zone-predominant) + Emphysema (upper zone-predominant) (see ILD-Etiology, [[ILD-Etiology]] and Obstructive Lung Disease, [[Obstructive Lung Disease]]):
• Pulmonary Hypertension (see Pulmonary Hypertension, [[Pulmonary Hypertension]]): occurs in almost 50% of cases

References

• Cottin V, Nunes H, Brillet PY, et al. Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a distinct underrecognised entity. Eur Respir J 2005;26:586-93