Indications

“Death Rattle” in Dying Patient

• Clinical Efficacy
  • Systematic Review of Interventions for Noisy Breathing in the Dying Patient (Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008) [MEDLINE]
    • No Intervention (Pharmacologic or Non-Pharmacologic) Had Any Efficacy in Treating Death Rattle
  • Systematic Review of Antimuscarinic Drugs in zTreating Death Rattle (J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014) [MEDLINE]
    • Antimuscarinic Drugs (Glycopyrrolate, Scopolamine) Had No Efficacy in Treating Death Rattle (see Glycopyrrolate, [[Glycopyrrolate]])

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Pharmacology

• xxx

Metabolism

• xxxx

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Administration

• xxxx

Dose Adjustment

• Hepatic:
• Renal:

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Adverse Effects

Toxicologic Adverse Effects

• Bromism (see Bromide, [[Bromide]])
  • Mechanism: due to formulation as scopolamine hydrobromide

Other Adverse Effects

• xxx
• xxx
• xxx

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References

• Interventions for noisy breathing in patients near death. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23;(1):CD005177 [MEDLINE]
• Prevalence, impact, and treatment of death rattle: a systemic review. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014;47:105–122 [MEDLINE]