Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Outcome Study Using Dronedarone On Top Of Standard Therapy (PALLAS) Trial (2015) [MEDLINE]: dronedarone is associated with both increased cardiovascular death and heart failure in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation
There was a strong effect of concurrent digoxin use on the adverse effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular death (in patients on digoxin, there were 11 arrhythmic deaths on dronedarone and none on placebo; in patients not on digoxin, there were 2 arrhythmic deaths on dronedarone and 4 on placebo)
There was no interaction between baseline digoxin use and the adverse effect of dronedarone on heart failure events
Interaction between digoxin and dronedarone in the PALLAS trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2014 Dec;7(6):1019-25. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.114.002046. Epub 2014 Nov 6 [MEDLINE]