Benzodiazepines

Agents

Alprazolam (Xanax) (see Alprazolam, [[Alprazolam]])
- Half-Life: 6-26 hrs
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) (see Chlordiazepoxide, [[Chlordiazepoxide]])
- Half-Life: xxx
Clonazepam (Klonopin, Rivotril, Clonotril) (see Clonazepam, [[Clonazepam]])
- Half-Life: xxx
Diazepam (Valium) (see Diazepam, [[Diazepam]])
- Half-Life: 20-100 hrs
Lorazepam (Ativan) (see Lorazepam, [[Lorazepam]])
- Half-Life: 10-20 hrs
Midazolam (Versed) (see Midazolam, [[Midazolam]])
- Half-Life: ? hrs
Temazepam (Restoril, Normison) (see Temazepam, [[Temazepam]])
- Half-Life: ? hrs
Triazolam (Halcion) (see Triazolam, [[Triazolam]])
- Half-Life: ? hrs

Anxiety (see Anxiety, [[Anxiety]])
Methamphetamine Withdrawal (see Methamphetamine, [[Methamphetamine]]): benzodiazepines have been used
Moderate Sedation

Increased Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy (see Hepatic Encephalopathy, [[Hepatic Encephalopathy]])

Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Clinical
- Acute Hypoventilation (see Acute Hypoventilation, [[Acute Hypoventilation]])
Treatment
- Flumazenil (Romazicon) (see Flumazenil, [[Flumazenil]])
  - IV: 0.2 mg slow IVP, then 0.3 mg in 30 sec, then 0.5 mg (max: 3 mg)
  - Action: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
  - Indications: benzodiazepine overdose
  - SE: benzodiazepine withdrawal/seizures
  - Contraindications: avoid use in multi-drug overdose with TCA or other stimulants (may precipitate seizures)
  - Half-life: may need to re-dose q20 min (to max of 3 mg/hr)