Scedosporium Aurantiacum Airway Colonization Has Also Been Reported in Patients Cystic Fibrosis in Europe (France, Germany) and Australia (Med Mycol, 2010) [MEDLINE] (Med Mycol, 2013) [MEDLINE] (PLoS One, 2017) [MEDLINE]
Airway Colonization (Including Cystic Fibrosis Patients) Prior to Lung Transplant May Increase the Risk of Invasive Infection After Lung Transplant (Transpl Infect Dis, 2014) [MEDLINE] (Transpl Infect Dis, 2017) [MEDLINE]: such patients may benefit from azole antifungal therapy before/after transplantation
May Occur in Immunocompetent/Immunocompromised Hosts
Cases Have Been Reported Following Near Drowning Episodes
Physiology
In Near Drowning Episodes, Portal of Entry May Be the Sinuses with Contiguous Spread or the Lung with Hematogenous Dissemination
In Immunocompromised Hosts (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants, Solid Organ Transplants), Hematogenous Dissemination is the Predominant Mode of Spread to the Brain
Voriconazole (Vfend) (see Voriconazole, Voriconazole): has a low MIC for this species and may be effective
Posaconazole (Noxafil, Posanol) (see Posaconazole, Posaconazole): has a low MIC for this species and may be effective
References
General
The epidemiology of pseudallescheriasis complicating transplantation: nosocomial and community-acquired infection. Mycoses. 1990;33(6):297 [MEDLINE]
Successful treatment of pneumonia due to Scedosporium apiospermum with itraconazole: case report. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16(5):731 [MEDLINE]
Successful treatment of simultaneous pulmonary Pseudallescheria boydii and Aspergillus terreus infection with oral itraconazole. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16(6):803 [MEDLINE]
The new fungal opportunists are coming. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22 Suppl 2:S112 [MEDLINE]
Scedosporium apiospermum pneumonia after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996;15(7):600 [MEDLINE]
Use of voriconazole in treatment of Scedosporium apiospermum infection: case report. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(5):1436 [MEDLINE]
Invasive pulmonary infection due to Scedosporium apiospermum in two children with chronic granulomatous disease. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27(6):1437 [MEDLINE]
Successful outcome of Scedosporium apiospermum disseminated infection treated with voriconazole in a patient receiving corticosteroid therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(6):1499 [MEDLINE]
Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34(7):909 [MEDLINE]
Scedosporium apiospermum fungemia in a lung transplant recipient. Chest. 2002;121(5):1714 [MEDLINE]
Pseudallescheria boydii (Anamorph Scedosporium apiospermum). Infection in solid organ transplant recipients in a tertiary medical center and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002;81(5):333 [MEDLINE]
Scedosporium apiospermum pneumonia and sternal wound infection in a heart transplant recipient. Transplantation. 2002;74(11):1645 [MEDLINE]
Successful treatment of Scedosporium pneumonia with voriconazole during AML therapy and bone marrow transplantation. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003;41(5):494 [MEDLINE]
Pseudoallescheria boydii pneumonia and empyema: a rare complication of heart transplantation cured with voriconazole. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2004;23(5):647 [MEDLINE]
Disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection in a previously healthy woman with HELLP syndrome. Mycoses. 2004;47(9-10):442 [MEDLINE]
Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;25(2):171 [MEDLINE]
Infections due to Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium prolificans in transplant recipients: clinical characteristics and impact of antifungal agent therapy on outcome. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(1):89 [MEDLINE]
Scedosporium infection in a tertiary care cancer center: a review of 25 cases from 1989-2006. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Dec;43(12):1580-4 [MEDLINE]
Clinical associations and prevalence of Scedosporium spp. in Australian cystic fibrosis patients: identification of novel risk factors? Med Mycol. 2010;48 Suppl 1:S37 [MEDLINE]
Population-based survey of filamentous fungi and antifungal resistance in Spain (FILPOP Study). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jul;57(7):3380-7 [MEDLINE]
Distribution of the different species of the Pseudallescheria boydii/Scedosporium apiospermum complex in French patients with cystic fibrosis. Med Mycol. 2013;51(6):603 [MEDLINE]
Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of Scedosporium infections among solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis. 2014;16(4):578 [MEDLINE]
Scedosporium apiosermum infection of the “Native” valve: Fungal endocarditis in an orthotopic heart transplant recipient. Med Mycol Case Rep. 2015;9:34 [MEDLINE]
Prospective multicenter German study on pulmonary colonization with Scedosporium /Lomentospora species in cystic fibrosis: Epidemiology and new association factors. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0171485 [MEDLINE]
Clinical outcome of cystic fibrosis patients colonized by Scedosporium species following lung transplantation: A single-center 15-year experience. Transpl Infect Dis. 2017;19(5) [MEDLINE]
Treatment
A novel murine model of cerebral scedosporiosis: lack of efficacy of amphotericin B. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004;54(6):1092 [MEDLINE]
Treatment of non-Aspergillus moulds in immunocompromised patients, with amphotericin B lipid complex. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40 Suppl 6:S401 [MEDLINE]
Treatment of scedosporiosis with voriconazole: clinical experience with 107 patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52(5):1743 [MEDLINE]