Epidemiology

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Virology

• Parainfluenza Virus is a Member of Paramyxovirus Family (see Paramyxoviruses)
  • Respirovirus Genus: types 1 + 3
  • Rubulavirus Genus: types 2 + 4

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Diagnosis

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Clinical Differentiation of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection vs Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

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Clinical Manifestations

Hematologic Manifestations

• Hemophagocytic Syndrome (see Hemophagocytic Syndrome)

Otolaryngologic Manifestations

• Acute Rhinosinusitis/Common Cold (see Acute Rhinosinusitis)
  • Epidemiology: parainfluenza virus/influenza virus/respiratory syncytial virus/adenovirus as a group account for approximately 10-15% of common cold cases

Pulmonary Manifestations

Acute Bronchitis (see Acute Bronchitis)

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Asthma Exacerbation (see Asthma)

• Epidemiology: xxxx

Bronchiolitis (see Bronchiolitis)

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation (see Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

• Epidemiology: xxxx

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (see Community-Acquired Pneumonia, [[Community-Acquired Pneumonia]])

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Croup (see Croup)

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Influenza-Like Illness

• Clinical: rapid onset of constitutional symptoms (upper/lower respiratory tract symptoms occur concurrently or after the constitutional symptoms)
  • Asthenia (see xxxx): common in second week of illness
  • Clear Nasal Discharge without Obstruction: common
  • Dry (Often Persistent) Cough (see xxxx): predominates later in the first week of illness
  • Excess Tearing (see xxxx): common early in the illness
  • Fatigue (see xxxx): common in second week of illness
  • Fever/Chills (see xxxx): common early in the illness
    • Peaks to 39-40 degrees C
    • Lasts for 1-5 days
  • Headache (see xxxx): common early in the illness
  • Mild Conjunctivitis (see xxxx): common
  • Mild, Tender Cervical Lymphadenopathy (see xxxx): common
  • Myalgias (see xxxx): common early in the illness
  • Pain with Eye Movement (see xxxx): common early in the illness
  • Pharyngeal Injection/Pharyngitis (see xxxx): common
  • Photophobia (see xxxx): common early in the illness

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Treatment

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References

General

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