Adenovirus
Epidemiology
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Virology
Adenovirus (Family: Adenoviridae )
Adenoviruses are Non-Enveloped DNA Viruses
In Humans, There are Approximately 88 Adenoviruses in 7 Different Species (Species A-G)
Respiratory Disease is Predominantly Associated with Adenovirus Species HAdV-B and HAdV-C
Conjunctivitis is Predominantly Associated with Adenovirus Species HAdV-B and D
Gastroenteritis is Predominantly Associated with Adenovirus Species HAdV-F Types 40, 41, HAdV-G Type 52
Obesity/Adipogenesis is Predominantly Associated with Adenovirus Species HAdV-A type 31, HAdV-C Type 5, HAdV-D Types 9/36/37
Diagnosis
Multiplexed Nucleic Acid Respiratory Pathogen Panel (see xxxx )
General Comments
BioFire Panel (Biomérieux)
Procedure
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (see Bronchoscopy )
Nasopharyngeal Swab
Detected Viruses
Detected Bacteria
Clinical Differentiation of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection vs Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Clinical Manifestations
Dermatologic Manifestations
Morbilliform Rash (see Exanthems )
Ophthalmologic Manifestations
Otolaryngologic Manifestations
Epidemiology
Adenovirus More Commonly Presents with Pharyngitis and Fever than Common Cold Symptoms
Epidemiology
Adenoviruses Account for <5% of Common Cold Cases
Pulmonary Manifestations
Influenza-Like Illness
Clinical
General Comments
Rapid Onset of Constitutional Symptoms
Upper/Lower Respiratory Tract Symptoms Occur Concurrently or After the Constitutional Symptoms
Asthenia (see Asthenia )
Common in Second Week of Illness
Clear Nasal Discharge without Obstruction
Dry (Often Persistent) Cough (see Cough )
Predominates Later in the First Week of Illness
Excess Tearing (Lacrimation) (see Lacrimation )
Common Early in the Illness
Fatigue (see Fatigue )
Common in second week of illness
Fever/Chills (see Fever )
Common Early in the Illness
Peaks to 39-40 degrees C
Lasts for 1-5 days
Headache (see Headache )
Common Early in the Illness
Mild Conjunctivitis (see Conjunctivitis )
Mild, Tender Cervical Lymphadenopathy (see Lymphadenopathy )
Myalgias (see Myalgias )
Common Early in the Illness
Pain with Eye Movement
Common Early in the Illness
Pharyngeal Injection/Pharyngitis (see Pharyngitis )
Photophobia (see Photophobia )
Common Early in the Illness
Epidemiology
Adenovirus May Cause Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Immunocompromised Patients
Adenovirus Has Been Associated with Acute Respiratory Disease in Military Recruits
CDC EPIC Study of Children Hospitalized for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (NEJM, 2015) [MEDLINE ]
Annual Incidence of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization: 15.7 cases per 10k children <18 y/o
A Pathogen was Identified in 81% of Cases
Adenovirus was Detected in 9.8% of Cases
Treatment
Supportive Care
References
Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26;372(9):835-45. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405870 [MEDLINE ]
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