Inherited Hypercoagulable States

• Antithrombin III Deficiency (see Antithrombin III Deficiency)
• Congenital Venous Anomalies
• Dysfibrinogenemia (see Dysfibrinogenemia): rare -> may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
• Elevated Factor VIII
• Factor V Leiden (see Factor V Leiden)
  • Most common inherited hypercoagulable state in Caucasian populations
  • Diagnosis: abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
• Factor XII Deficiency (see Factor XII Deficiency): rare
• Heparin Co-Factor II Deficiency: rare
• Homocystinuria: may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
• Increased Factor VIII Coagulant Activity: rare
• Plasminogen Deficiency: rare
• Protein S Deficiency (see Protein S Deficiency)
• Protein C Deficiency (see Protein C Deficiency)
• Prothrombin G20210A Mutation
  • Diagnosis: abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay

Acquired Hypercoagulable States

Hematologic

• Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome (see Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
  • Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
• Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (see Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
• Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) (see Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
• Hyperviscosity Syndromes
  • Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (see Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia)
  • Multiple Myeloma (see Multiple Myeloma)
  • Polycythemia Vera (see Polycythemia Vera): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
• Leukostasis (see Leukostasis): in acute leukemia
• Myeloproliferative Disorders
  • Polycythemia Vera (see Polycythemia Vera)
    • Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
  • Essential Thrombocytosis (see Essential Thrombocytosis): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
    • Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) (see Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
• Sickle Cell Disease (see Sickle Cell Disease)
• Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) (see Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses

Neoplastic

• Tissue Factor
• Cancer Procoagulant: may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
  • Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay

Hormonal

• Hormone Replacement Therapy: may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
  • Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
• Oral Contraceptives (OCP) (see Oral Contraceptives): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
  • Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
• Pregnancy (see Pregnancy)
  • Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
• Tamoxifen (see Tamoxifen): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses

Other

• Age: increasing age increases risk of thrombosis
• Activated Protein C (APC) Resistance (Non-Genetic)
• Bevacizumab (Avastin) (see Bevacizumab): 2-fold increased risk of thromboembolic disease (may be due to vascular injury)
• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (see Congestive Heart Failure)
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
  • Crohn’s Disease (see Crohn’s Disease)
  • Ulcerative Colitis (see Ulcerative Colitis)
• Hospitalization
• Immobilization
• Infection
• Nephrotic Syndrome (see Nephrotic Syndrome)
• Obesity (see Obesity)
• Prior Thrombosis: prior thrombosis increases the risk of thrombosis
• Smoking (see Tobacco)
• Surgery: especially orthopedic surgery
• Trauma

Other/Mixed Hypercoagulable States

• Decreased Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI): unknown etiology
• Elevated Factor II: unknown etiology
• Elevated Factor IX: unknown etiology
• Elevated Factor XI: unknown etiology
• Hyperhomocysteinemia (see Hyperhomocysteinemia): mixed inherited and acquired states -> may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
  • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (see Chronic Kidney Disease)
  • Drugs
  • Folate Deficiency (see Folate)
  • Idiopathic Hyperhomocysteinemia
  • Hypothyroidism (see Hypothyroidism)
  • Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene Mutation (see Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Gene Mutation)
  • Psoriasis (see Psoriasis)
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (see Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
  • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency (see Vitamin B6)
  • Vitamin B12 Deficiency (see Vitamin B12)