Inherited Hypercoagulable States
- Antithrombin III Deficiency (see Antithrombin III Deficiency)
- Congenital Venous Anomalies
- Dysfibrinogenemia (see Dysfibrinogenemia): rare -> may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
- Elevated Factor VIII
- Factor V Leiden (see Factor V Leiden)
- Most common inherited hypercoagulable state in Caucasian populations
- Diagnosis: abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
- Factor XII Deficiency (see Factor XII Deficiency): rare
- Heparin Co-Factor II Deficiency: rare
- Homocystinuria: may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
- Increased Factor VIII Coagulant Activity: rare
- Plasminogen Deficiency: rare
- Protein S Deficiency (see Protein S Deficiency)
- Protein C Deficiency (see Protein C Deficiency)
- Prothrombin G20210A Mutation
- Diagnosis: abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
Acquired Hypercoagulable States
Hematologic
Neoplastic
- Tissue Factor
- Cancer Procoagulant: may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
- Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
Hormonal
- Hormone Replacement Therapy: may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
- Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
- Oral Contraceptives (OCP) (see Oral Contraceptives): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
- Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
- Pregnancy (see Pregnancy)
- Diagnosis: some cases manifest abnormal activated protein C (APC) resistance assay
- Tamoxifen (see Tamoxifen): may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
Other
- Age: increasing age increases risk of thrombosis
- Activated Protein C (APC) Resistance (Non-Genetic)
- Bevacizumab (Avastin) (see Bevacizumab): 2-fold increased risk of thromboembolic disease (may be due to vascular injury)
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (see Congestive Heart Failure)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
- Hospitalization
- Immobilization
- Infection
- Nephrotic Syndrome (see Nephrotic Syndrome)
- Obesity (see Obesity)
- Prior Thrombosis: prior thrombosis increases the risk of thrombosis
- Smoking (see Tobacco)
- Surgery: especially orthopedic surgery
- Trauma
Other/Mixed Hypercoagulable States
- Decreased Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI): unknown etiology
- Elevated Factor II: unknown etiology
- Elevated Factor IX: unknown etiology
- Elevated Factor XI: unknown etiology
- Hyperhomocysteinemia (see Hyperhomocysteinemia): mixed inherited and acquired states -> may result in both venous and arterial thromboses
References
- APC resistance: biological basis and acquired influences. J Thromb Haemost. 2010 Mar;8(3):445-53 [MEDLINE]