Etiology

Primary/Idiopathic Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis

• Epidemiology
  • Described in young females in tropical/subtropical countries (although there are case reports in adults from temperate zones)
  • Associated with: often other embryologic abnormalities (such as greater omentum hypoplasia and mesenteric vessel malformation)
• Possible Mechanisms
  • Retrograde menstruation with superimposed viral infection: however, this doesnt explain cases occurring in males, premenopausal females, and children

Secondary Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis

Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) (seee Peritoneal Dialysis, [[Peritoneal Dialysis]])

• Risk Factors
  • Duration of Time on Peritoneal Dialysis
    • Incidence of 1.2% 0-> increases to 15% after 6 years on PD -> increases to 38% after 9 years on PD [MEDLINE]
    • Incidence of 0.3% after 3 years -> increases to 0.8% after 5 years -> increases to 3.9% after 8 years on PD [MEDLINE]
  • Younger Age [MEDLINE]
  • Note: the rate of peritonitis does not appear to be a risk factor [MEDLINE]

Other

• Abdominal Tuberculosis (see Tuberculosis, [[Tuberculosis]])
• Cirrhosis (see End-Stage Liver Disease, [[End-Stage Liver Disease]])
• Dermoid Cyst Rupture
• Endometriosis (see Endometriosis, [[Endometriosis]])
• Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) (see Familial Mediterranean Fever, [[Familial Mediterranean Fever]])
• Fibrogenic Foreign Material in Peritoneal Space
• Gastrointestinal Malignancy
• Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
• Liver Transplant (see Liver Transplant, [[Liver Transplant]])
• Luteinized Ovarian Thecoma
• Peritoneovenous Shunting
• Pertioneoventricular Shunting
• Practolol (see Practolol, [[Practolol]])
• Protein S Deficiency (see Protein S Deficiency, [[Protein S Deficiency]])
• Prior Abdominal Surgery
• Recurrent Peritonitis
• Sarcoidosis (see Sarcoidosis, [[Sarcoidosis]])
• Subclinical Primary Viral Peritonitis

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Clinical Manifestations

General Comments

• Asymptomatic: some cases

Gastrointestinal Manifestations

• Abdominal Mass (see Abdominal Mass, [[Abdominal Mass]]): typically soft and non-tender
• Abdominal Pain (see Abdominal Pain, [[Abdominal Pain]])
• Anorexia (see Anorexia, [[Anorexia]])
• Ascites (see Ascites, [[Ascites]])
• Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) (see Small Bowel Obstruction, [[Small Bowel Obstruction]]): may be recurrent
• Malnutrition (see Malnutrition, [[Malnutrition]])
• Nausea/Vomiting (see Nausea and Vomiting, [[Nausea and Vomiting]])
• Weight Loss (see Weight Loss, [[Weight Loss]])

Renal Manifestations

• Ultrafiltration Failure: for PD-related cases

Other Manfestations

• xxxx
• xxxx

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Treatment

• xxx

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References

• Incidence of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis at a single U.S. university center. Adv Perit Dial. 2010;26:75-81 [MEDLINE]

• Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. Kidney Int. 2010 May;77(10):904-12. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.16. Epub 2010 Mar 10 [MEDLINE]

• World J Gastroenterol 2012 May 7; 18(17): 1999-2004 [MEDLINE]