Etiology

• CO2 Pneumoperitoneum: due to therapeutic CO2 insufflation during laparoscopy (see Laparoscopy, [[Laparoscopy]])
• Perforated Hollow Organ
  • Gastric Perforation
  • Small intestinal Perforation
  • Colonic Perforation
• Pneumomediastinum (see Pneumomediastinum, [[Pneumomediastinum]])

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Physiology

• Path of Air Movement
  • Mediastinum (pneumomediastinum) -> Left and Right Pleural Space (causing pneumothorax), Neck Soft Tissues (causing subcutaneous emphysema), or Peritoneum (causing pneumoperitoneum)

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Clinical

• xxxxx

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Treatment

• xxxx

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References

• xxx