Gastric Volvulus

Epidemiology

Abdominal/Gastric Distention (with Stomach Filled with Fluid) with Dullness to Percussion: may occur with complete gastric obstruction
Borchardt’s Triad: present in 70% of cases
- Upper Abdominal Pain/Lower Chest Pain (see Abdominal Pain)
  - Pain may occur due to traction on adjacent structures with resultant pancreatic or omental ischemia, omental avulsion, splenic rupture
- Inability to Pass Nasogastric Tube
- Vomiting (see Nausea and Vomiting): vomiting may be severe (and non-productive)
Hyperamylasemia/Hyperlipasemia (see Hyperamylasemia and Hyperlipasemia): due to pancreatic ischemia
Gastric Ischemia (see Gastric Ischemia)
Gastric Hemorrhage (see Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage): due to mucosal ischemia or mucosal tears associated with vomiting
Peritonitis (see Peritonitis): may occur in cases with significant gastric ischemia (due to strangulation) or gastric perforation

Acute Pancreatitis (see Acute Pancreatitis): may occur occasionally
Bloating: however, abdominal distention may be minimal (as stomach is often located in the chest)
Dysphagia (see Dysphagia)
Gastric Ulceration/Low-Grade Gastric Hemorrhage (see Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage)
Heartburn/Dyspepsia (see Dyspepsia)
Hyperamylasemia/Hyperlipasemia (see Hyperamylasemia and Hyperlipasemia): due to pancreatic ischemia
Mild Upper Abdominal Discomfort (see Abdominal Pain): may be absent