Carcinoid Syndrome
Etiology
Physiology
Clinical
- Flushing (85-90% of cases)
- Involving Foregut: long-lasting, purple
- Mediators: killirein, 5-hydroxytryptophan, histamine, substance P
- Involving Midgut: short-lasting, pink
- Mediators: prostaglandins
- Secretory Diarrhea (70% of cases)
- Mediators: gastrin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, histamine, prostaglandins, VIP
- Abdominal Pain (35% of cases)
- Usually progressive
- Small bowel obstruction
- Hepatomegaly
- Intestinal ischemia
- Facial Telangiectasias (25% of cases)
- Bronchospasm (15% of cases)
- Wheezing
- Mediators: histamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan
- Pellegra (5% of cases) (see [[Niacin Deficiency]]): due to niacin deficiency
- Dermatitis
- Diarrhea
- Dementia
Treatment
References