Etiology

Primary Mucocutaneous Disease

Primary Automimmune Bullous Disease

• Bullous Pemphigoid (see Bullous Pemphigoid, [[Bullous Pemphigoid]]): subepidermal
• Cicatricial Pemphigoid: subepidermal
• Dermatitis Herpetiformis: subepidermal
  • Associated with gluten enteropathy
• Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: subepidermal
  • Associated with inflammatory bowel disease
• Gestational Pemphigoid: subepidermal
• Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis: subepidermal
• Pemphigus Vulgaris (see Pemphigus Vulgaris, [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]]): intraepidermal

Secondary Bullous Disease

• Contact Dermatitis (see Contact Dermatitis, [[Contact Dermatitis]]): intraepidermal
• Erythema Multiforme (see Erythema Multiforme, [[Erythema Multiforme]])
• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (see Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, [[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]])

Infection

• Blistering Distal Dactylitis
  • Staph aureus (see Staphylococcus Aureus, [[Staphylococcus Aureus]])
  • Strep pyogenes (see Streptococcus Pyogenes, [[Streptococcus Pyogenes]])
• Bullous Impetigo (see Impetigo, [[Impetigo]]): intraepidermal
• Cellulitis (see Cellulitis, [[Cellulitis]])
• Cold Sore
• Ecthyma Gangrenosum (see Ecthyma Gangrenosum, [[Ecthyma Gangrenosum]])
• Erysipelas (see Erysipelas, [[Erysipelas]])
• Gas Gangrene: Clostridium species (see Gas Gangrene, [[Gas Gangrene]])
• Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (see Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, [[Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease]])
  • Coxsackie A Virus (see Coxsackie Virus, [[Coxsackie Virus]]): Coxsackie is an Enterovirus family member
  • Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) (see Enterovirus 71, [[Enterovirus 71]]): Enterovirus 71 is an Enterovirus family member
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) (Herpes Gladiatorum, Herpetic Whitlow) (see Herpes Simplex Virus, [[Herpes Simplex Virus]]): intraepidermal
  • May also occur with systemic disease
• Molluscum Contagiosum: pox-like virus
• Necrotizing Fasciitis (see Necrotizing Fasciitis, [[Necrotizing Fasciitis]])
• Orf: parapox virus
• Rickettsial Pox: Rickettsia akari
• Smallpox (see Smallpox, [[Smallpox]]): variola virus
• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (see Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome, [[Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]): due to Staph aureus (see Staphylococcus Aureus)
  • Intraepidermal
  • In adults, associated with renal failure and immunocompromised state
• Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) (see Varicella-Zoster Virus, [[Varicella-Zoster Virus]]): intraepidermal
  • May also occur with systemic disease
• Vibrio Vulnificus (see Vibrio Vulnificus, [[Vibrio Vulnificus]])

Systemic Disease

Autoimmune

• Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: intraepidermal
• Small Vessel Vasculitis (see Vasculitis, [[Vasculitis]]): deeper dermal small vessel vasculitis typically results in vesicular-bullous or palpable purpuric skin lesions

Infection

• Cutaneous Emboli (see Endocarditis, [[Endocarditis]]): subepidermal

Metabolic Disease

• Bullous Dermatosis of Hemodialysis: subepidermal
• Diabetic Bullae (Bullosis Diabeticorum) (see Diabetes Mellitus, [[Diabetes Mellitus]]): intraepidermal or subepidermal
• Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: subepidermal
• Porphyria Variegata: subepidermal
• Pseudoporphyria: subepidermal

Ischemia

• Coma Bullae (see Coma Bullae, [[Coma Bullae]])
• Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens (see Deep Venous Thrombosis)

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References

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