Etiology
Primary Mucocutaneous Disease
Primary Automimmune Bullous Disease
- Bullous Pemphigoid (see Bullous Pemphigoid, [[Bullous Pemphigoid]]): subepidermal
- Cicatricial Pemphigoid: subepidermal
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis: subepidermal
- Associated with gluten enteropathy
- Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: subepidermal
- Associated with inflammatory bowel disease
- Gestational Pemphigoid: subepidermal
- Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis: subepidermal
- Pemphigus Vulgaris (see Pemphigus Vulgaris, [[Pemphigus Vulgaris]]): intraepidermal
Secondary Bullous Disease
- Contact Dermatitis (see Contact Dermatitis, [[Contact Dermatitis]]): intraepidermal
- Erythema Multiforme (see Erythema Multiforme, [[Erythema Multiforme]])
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (see Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, [[Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis]])
Infection
- Blistering Distal Dactylitis
- Staph aureus (see Staphylococcus Aureus, [[Staphylococcus Aureus]])
- Strep pyogenes (see Streptococcus Pyogenes, [[Streptococcus Pyogenes]])
- Bullous Impetigo (see Impetigo, [[Impetigo]]): intraepidermal
- Cellulitis (see Cellulitis, [[Cellulitis]])
- Cold Sore
- Ecthyma Gangrenosum (see Ecthyma Gangrenosum, [[Ecthyma Gangrenosum]])
- Erysipelas (see Erysipelas, [[Erysipelas]])
- Gas Gangrene: Clostridium species (see Gas Gangrene, [[Gas Gangrene]])
- Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (see Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, [[Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease]])
- Coxsackie A Virus (see Coxsackie Virus, [[Coxsackie Virus]]): Coxsackie is an Enterovirus family member
- Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) (see Enterovirus 71, [[Enterovirus 71]]): Enterovirus 71 is an Enterovirus family member
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) (Herpes Gladiatorum, Herpetic Whitlow) (see Herpes Simplex Virus, [[Herpes Simplex Virus]]): intraepidermal
- May also occur with systemic disease
- Molluscum Contagiosum: pox-like virus
- Necrotizing Fasciitis (see Necrotizing Fasciitis, [[Necrotizing Fasciitis]])
- Orf: parapox virus
- Rickettsial Pox: Rickettsia akari
- Smallpox (see Smallpox, [[Smallpox]]): variola virus
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (see Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome, [[Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]]): due to Staph aureus (see Staphylococcus Aureus)
- Intraepidermal
- In adults, associated with renal failure and immunocompromised state
- Varicella-Zoster Virus (Chickenpox and Shingles) (see Varicella-Zoster Virus, [[Varicella-Zoster Virus]]): intraepidermal
- May also occur with systemic disease
- Vibrio Vulnificus (see Vibrio Vulnificus, [[Vibrio Vulnificus]])
Systemic Disease
Autoimmune
- Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: intraepidermal
- Small Vessel Vasculitis (see Vasculitis, [[Vasculitis]]): deeper dermal small vessel vasculitis typically results in vesicular-bullous or palpable purpuric skin lesions
Infection
- Cutaneous Emboli (see Endocarditis, [[Endocarditis]]): subepidermal
Metabolic Disease
- Bullous Dermatosis of Hemodialysis: subepidermal
- Diabetic Bullae (Bullosis Diabeticorum) (see Diabetes Mellitus, [[Diabetes Mellitus]]): intraepidermal or subepidermal
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: subepidermal
- Porphyria Variegata: subepidermal
- Pseudoporphyria: subepidermal
Ischemia
- Coma Bullae (see Coma Bullae, [[Coma Bullae]])
- Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens (see Deep Venous Thrombosis)
References
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