Systolic Murmurs:

1) Mitral Regurgitation (MR)
-Etiology: endocarditis, acute MI ()
-Quality: pansystolic
2) Aortic Stenosis (AS)
-Etiology:
-Quality: midsystolic, radiating to neck
3) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
-Etiology: acute MI
-Quality:
4) Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR)
-Etiology: endocarditis
-Quality:

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Diastolic Murmurs:

1) Aortic Insufficiency (AI):
-Etiology:
-Quality:
2)
-Quality:

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JVP:

-Add 5 cm to measurement from angle of Louis

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Maneuvers:

• Maneuvers that Decrease Preload (decrease LV chamber size): these increase HOCM murmur
  1) Valsalva Maneuver
  2) Nitrates
  3) Diuretics
  4) Standing

• Maneuvers that Decrease Afterload: these increase HOCM murmur
  1) Vasodilators

• Maneuvers that Increase Preload: these decrease HOCM murmur
  1) Mueller Maneuver
  2) Squatting

• Maneuvers that Increase Afterload (increase LV chamber size): these decrease HOCM murmur
  1) Isometric Handgrip

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References

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