Bronchoscopy


Indications

Diagnostic

Diagnosis of Endobronchial Airway Lesion (see Obstructive Lung Disease)

Diagnosis of Hilar/Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Host

Diagnosis of Source of Hemoptysis (see Hemoptysis)

Diagnosis of Vocal Cord Abnormality (see Obstructive Lung Disease)

Therapeutic

Clearance of Mucous Plugging Contributing to Atelectasis (see Atelectasis)

Clearance of Blood Clots Associated with Hemoptysis (see Hemoptysis)


Technique

Bronchoscopy Requires Procedural Sedation (see Sedation)

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)


Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

Normal Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Cellular Patterns (Non-Smokers) (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012) [MEDLINE]

Need for Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Cellular Analysis Based on Appearance of HRCT (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012) [MEDLINE]

Etiology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Lymphocytosis (>15%) (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012) [MEDLINE]

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Lymphocytosis >15%

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Lymphocytosis ≥25%

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Lymphocytosis >50%

Etiology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Neutrophilia (>3%) (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012) [MEDLINE]

Etiology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Eosinophilia (>1%) (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012) [MEDLINE]

General Comments

Eosinophilic Pulmonary Syndromes of Known Etiology

Parasitic Infection
Other Infection
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Related Syndromes
Drug-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia (see Drug-Induced Pulmonary Eosinophilia)
Other

Eosinophilic Pulmonary Syndromes of Unknown Etiology

Other Pulmonary Disorders with Possible Associated Pulmonary Eosinophilia

Etiology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) with Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages (>20%)

Etiology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) with Lipid-Laden Macrophages

Other Abnormal Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Findings (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012) [MEDLINE]

Recommendations for Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) in the Setting of Interstitial Lung Disease (Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2012) [MEDLINE]


Complications of Bronchoscopy (Respirology, 2012) [MEDLINE]

Complication Rate by Pulmonary Lesion

Complication Rate by Procedure


References

General

Indications

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)