Indications

• Asthma (see Asthma, [[Asthma]])
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (see Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, [[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]])

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Pharmacology

• Long-Acting Anticholinergic-Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist (LAMA) (see Muscarinic Antagonists, [[Muscarinic Antagonists]])
  • Predominant effect at M3 receptors, lesser effect at M2 receptors
  • Bronchodilation

Metabolism

• Rapidly Hydrolysed in Plasma: unlike tiotropium
  • Very Low, Transient Systemic Exposure: may produce less adverse effects

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Administration

• INH: xxx

Dose Adjustment

• Hepatic
• Renal

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Adverse Effects

Pulmonary Adverse Effects

• Paradoxical Bronchospasm (see Obstructive Lung Disease, [[Obstructive Lung Disease]])

Other Adverse Effects

• Exacerbation of Narrow-Angle Glaucoma (see Glaucoma, [[Glaucoma]])
• Urinary Retention (see Urinary Retention, [[Urinary Retention]])

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References

• xxx