Colonic Ischemia (Ischemic Colitis)


Epidemiology

Risk Factors


Etiologic Risk Factors

Cardiovascular

Hematologic

Hypotension/Shock (see Hypotension, [[Hypotension]])

Iatrogenic/Surgical

Infection Associated with Hemorrhagic Colitis

Mechanical Colonic Obstruction

Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis (see Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis, [[Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis]])

Small Vessel Disease

Drugs/Toxins

Other


Physiology

Normal Colonic and Rectal Blood Supply

Decreased Colonic Blood Flow Results in Colonic Ischemia

Mechanisms of Colonic Ischemia


Diagnosis

Laboratories

Abdominal X-Ray/KUB

Abdominal/Pelvic CT

Colonoscopy

Mesenteric Angiogram

Exploratory Laparotomy/Laparoscopy


Clinical Manifestations

General Comments

Acute Colonic Ischemia

Clinical Stages

Gastrointestinal Manifestations

Renal Manifestations

Other Manifestations

Chronic Ischemic Colitis

General Comments

Gastrointestinal Manifestations

Other Manifestations


Treatment

Acute Colonic Ischemia

Supportive Care

Antibiotics

Anticoagulation

Anti-Platelet Agents

Evaluation for Hypercoagulable State

Exploratory Laparotomy

Vascular Interventions

Chronic Ischemic Colitis


Prognosis


References