Etiology

Palpable Purpura

Vasculitis (see Vasculitis)

• Cutaneous Small Vessel Vasculitis
  • Example: Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (see Henoch-Schonlein Purpura)
• Cutaneous Medium Vessel Vasculitis
  • Example: Polyarteritis Nodosa (see Polyarteritis Nodosa)

Emboli

• Acute Meningococcemia (see Neisseria Meningitidis): due to Neisseria Meningitidis (predominantly in children and patients with asplenia or terminal, C5-C8 complement deficiency)
• Chronic Meningococcemia (see Neisseria Meningitidis): due to Neisseria Meningitidis (predominantly in patient with complement deficiencies
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (see Cytomegalovirus)
• Dengue Fever (see Dengue Virus)
• Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (see Neisseria Gonorrhoeae)
• Ecthyma Gangrenosum (see Ecthyma Gangrenosum)
• Endocarditis (see Endocarditis)
• Enteroviruses (see Enteroviruses)
• Epidemic Typhus
• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (see Epstein-Barr Virus)
• Influenza Virus (see Influenza Virus)
• Measles Virus (see Measles Virus)
• Parvovirus B19 (see Parvovirus B19)
• Rat Bite Fever (Haverhill Fever) (see Rat Bite Fever): due to Streptobacillus Moniliformis

Purpura Fulminans (see Purpura Fulminans)

• Hemostasis-Initiated Purpura Fulminans
  • Antithrombin III Deficiency (see Antithrombin III Deficiency)
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (see Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)
  • Protein C Deficiency (see Protein C Deficiency)
  • Protein S Deficiency (see Protein S Deficiency)
• Acute Infectious Purpura Fulminans
  • Capnocytophaga Canimorsus (see Capnocytophaga Canimorsus)
  • Cryptococcosis (see Cryptococcosis,)
  • Escherichia Coli (see Escherichia Coli)
  • Enterobacter (see Enterobacter)
  • Haemophilus Aegyptius (see Haemophilus Aegyptius)
  • Haemophilus Influenzae (see Haemophilus Influenzae)
  • Klebsiella Pneumoniae (see Klebsiella Pneumoniae)
  • Neisseria Meningitidis (see Neisseria Meningitidis): common etiology
  • Moraxella Catarrhalis (see Moraxella Catarrhalis)
  • Proteus Mirabilis (see Proteus Mirabilis)
  • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (see Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
  • Staphylococcus Aureus (see Staphylococcus Aureus): recently identified etiology [MEDLINE]
  • Streptococcus Agalactiae (Group B Strep) (see Streptococcus Agalactiae)
  • Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) (see Streptococcus Pneumoniae)
  • Streptococcus Pyogenes (Group A Strep) (see Streptococcus Pyogenes)
  • Varicella (see Varicella-Zoster Virus): common etiology
• Post-Infectious/Idiopathic Purpura Fulminans
  • Gastroenteritis (see Gastroenteritis,)
  • Measles (see Measles Virus)
  • Neisseria Meningitidis (see Neisseria Meningitidis): common etiology (most common in infants and adolescents)
  • Rubella (German Measles) (see Rubella)
  • Scarlet Fever (se Scarlet Fever)
  • Streptococcal Pharyngitis (see Streptococcus): Strep species are the most common etiology in adults
  • Upper Respiratory Infection
  • Varicella (see Varicella-Zoster Virus): common etiology

Non-Palpable Purpura

• Coagulopathy
  • Disorder of Secondary Hemostasis (see Coagulopathy)
  • Platelet Dysfunction (see Coagulopathy)
  • Thrombocytopenia (see Thrombocytopenia)
• Thrombosis
  • Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (see Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, [[Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome]])
  • Coumadin Skin Necrosis (see Coumadin)
  • Cryofibrinogenemia (see Cryofibrinogenemia)
  • Cryoglobulinemia (see Cryoglobulinemia): type II/III
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (see Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation]])
  • Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) (see Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia)
  • Protein C Deficiency (see Protein C Deficiency)
  • Protein S Deficiency (see Protein S Deficiency)
  • Thrombocytosis (see Thrombocytosis)
  • Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) (see Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)
• Emboli
  • Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome (see Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome)
  • Fat Embolism (see Fat Embolism)
• Immune Complex (Probable)
  • Gardner-Diamond Syndrome (Autoerythrocyte Sensitivity)
  • Waldenstrom’s Hypergammaglobulinemic Purpura
• Vascular Fragility
  • Amyloidosis (see Amyloidosis)
  • Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (see Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome)
  • Scurvy (see Scurvy)
• Other
  • Capillaritis
  • Livedoid Vasculopathy: due to venous hypertension, factor V Leiden, or protein C deficiency
  • Post-Transfusion Purpura (see Post-Transfusion Purpura)
  • Solar Purpra
    • Actinic Purpura
    • Senile Purpura
  • Steroid Purpura
  • Trauma

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References

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